Ch+16+and+20+Study+Guide

= =  **Chapter 16 & 20 Study Guide

**  **1. Arab-Israeli Wars **- a series of wars between 1948 and 1973 that were fought between Israel and the Arab countries of Iraq, Syria, Egypt, Jordan, and Lebanon

**2. Palestine - **Arab region that was also the land the Jews have lived in 2,000 years

**3. Kurd - **mountain people who live in Armenia, Georgia, Iran, Iraq, Lebanon, and Turkey

**4. Arabs - **People from the Middle East

**5. Persians - **People from what is now Iran

**6. Persian Gulf War - **a war in 1991 between the United States and Iraq

**7. OPEC - **the Orginization of Petroleum Exporting Countries, which decides the price and amount of oil produced each year in Iraq, Iran, Saudi Arabia, Kuwait, and Venezuela

**8. primary product - **<span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">the raw material used to manufacture other products

**<span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">9. secondary product - **<span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">goods manufactured from raw material

**<span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">10. hajj - **<span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">a pilgrimage to Mecca that most Muslims try to make at least once in a lifetime

**<span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">11. subcontinent - **<span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">a large landmass that is part of a continent but that has its own geographic identity

**<span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">12. Aryans - **<span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">an ethnic group that migrated from southern Russia through central Asia and settled in India

**<span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">13. Hinduism - **<span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">a religion developed in ancient India

**<span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">14. caste - **<span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">an inherited social class that separates people from other classes by birth, occupation, or wealth

**<span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">15. Buddhism - **<span style="color: black; font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt;">a religion founded by Siddhartha Gautama in India in the 500s B.C. <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;"> They separated Palestine into two states
 * What was the United Nations solution to the conflicting claims of Arabs and Zionists (Jews) to Palestine?**

It is the world’s primary energy source and the Middle East has more than half of the world’s energy supply, and it is their main source of income.
 * <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">Why is oil the most important resource in the region? **<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 12pt; line-height: 115%;">

The caste system, reincarnation and karma and belief in many gods
 * What are the main beliefs and characteristics of Hinduism?**

//Simliar// – They both believe in the life cycle of karma and reincarnation //Different// – Many Hinduism still follow the caste system; Buddhists do not believe in the caste system. The Buddha taught that the goal of life is to be free from desires and pain and reach a state of happiness and peace by following the Middle Way or Eightfold Path.
 * How is Buddhism similar to and different from Hinduism?**

**Essay Question** (20 points) - Remember to restate the question in your answer!

//Discuss how oil has affected the world **and** Southwest Asia/North Africa since World War II.//

Include each of the following points in your answer:

- the development of OPEC (and describe what OPEC is)

- the 1973 oil embargo (what happened and why)

- tensions between Iran and Iraq

- U.S. and world dependency on oil today