Chapters+8+and+9+Study+Guide


 * Chapters 8 & 9 Study Guide **

**Chapter 8 Vocabulary**

**dependency-** a place that is governed by or closely connected to another country that it is not officially part of

**West Indies-** the Caribbean islands


 * mulatto- **a person of mixed European and African ancestry


 * ladino- **a person of mixed European and Native American ancestry


 * dictator- **a person who has complete control over a country's government


 * single- ****product economy**- an economy that depends on just one product for the majority of its jobs and income


 * diversify- **to conduct business activities in a variety of industries


 * Fidel Castro- **a lawyer who was born in 1926 to a wealthy family who organized a revolution to overtake Cuba's dictator, Batista, in 1959. After the revolution he became commander-in-chief of Cuba's army and took full control of Cuba's government. He befriended the Soviet Union and adopted the communism for Cuba and eventually declared Cuba a communist country. Castro became a dictator of Cuba.


 * communism- **an economic and political system in which property is owned collectively and labor is organized in a way that is supposed to benefit all people


 * sugar cane- **the plant from which sugar is made

<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">**Jose Marti**- led Cubans to continue to fight for the nation's independence against Spain


 * Chapter 9 Vocabulary**


 * Simon Bolivar**- a general who led a series of wars for independence and whose leadership freed the northern parts of South America


 * Pan-American**- meaning "all of the Americas" North, South, and Central


 * Carnival**- a Brazilian holiday that occurs during the four days before Lent.


 * free-trade zone**- people and goods that move across the border without being taxed


 * economic indicator**- statistics that show how a country's economy is doing


 * inflation**- general increase of the price of goods or services


 * urbanization**- people who have moved from the countryside to cities


 * oasis**- a fertile region in a desert that formed around a river or spring


 * guerrilla warfare**- nontraditional military tactics characterized by small groups using surprise attacks


 * Quechua**- people who live in the Andes highlands and speak the Inca language Quechua

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The U.S wanted to build the Panama Canal because the canal provides a water route between the Atlantic Ocean and the Pacific Ocean, eliminating a long trip around South America. People who wanted to travel from one side of North or South America to the other side had to either make the long, dangerous trip by land or sail all the way around South America and building the canal connected the two oceans and made it faster and easier to travel.=====

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<span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">**//What two crops did Central American economies depend on before the countries diversified their economies?//** The two crops that Central American economies depended on before the countries were diversified were sugar, then on bananas and coffee. =====

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 * //2. How did many South American nations end up with unlimited governments after independence?//** Many South American nations ended up with unlimited governments after independence because wealthy South Americans and former Spanish officials wanted to keep their power, property, and interests by giving control of the government to the military.=====

Study [|**states and capitals**] that are located in the **Northeast** part of our country.


 * Essay:**

Be sure to include the following points in your answer (3 points each):
 * Do you think that Fidel Castro was a good leader for Cuba? **

· How Castro gained power in Cuba

· What Castro promised he would do - did he keep his promise?

· Cuba’s history since 1959

· Cuba’s literacy rate - 99.8% per 2002 Census, 2nd in the world

· Cuba’s health plan

[|ABC News] - Fidel Castro Tells Cuba He will Step Down

[|BBC News] - Castro Steps Down as Cuban Leader

[|New York Times] - Fidel Castro Resigns as Cuba's President

* Check out the Data File on pages 146-147 of your text book or the CIA World Fact Book online for more information